I talked with a local news station about mental health issues and the Virginia Tech case. You can see it here--click on the camera icon on the right to see video.
posted by Helen at 9:15 PM
Thursday, April 19, 2007
Contributors
Previous Posts
- Update in the Mary Winkler Case
- Preventing Violence in Higher Education
- The Killer in the Lecture Hall
- Cho ruled mentally ill and released
- "How on earth was this time bomb allowed to go on ...
- Neo-neocon has more on the shooter:The shooter’s p...
- Shooter is Man from South Korea
- More Questions than Answers
- "We're all locked in our dorms surfing the Interne...
- Podcast: Michael Malone on "Bill and Dave"
22 Comments:
You describe the killer as narcissistic. An AP story I just read contains this quote:
"'Cho was clearly psychotic and delusional,' said Dr. Louis Kraus, chief of child and adolescent psychiatry at Chicago's Rush University Medical Center."
Narcissistic and psychotic are pretty different! I find it hard to see psychosis anywhere here, in spite of Dr. Kraus, but I'd be interested in your comments, Dr. Helen.
One noteworthy point the article made (though I'm not sure it was deliberate) was about the prevalence of bullying in school. My own conclusion, from various observations, is that bullying is far too common, and that schools ignore the problem, or blame the victim, because they lack the backbone to deal with the bullies. This I see as a serious problem, whether or not the victims become criminals later.
Nom dePlume, Ph.D. said:
I said the killer wanted notoriety--given the diatribe he sent to NBC News--it seemed he did!
Iroff says 15 percent of Knox County's students are dealing with depression and 10 percent have attempted suicide.
10 percent?!?!? That seems awfully high. Could his numbers be off?
Have this many young people always suffered depression and withdrawl like this or is and has this number gone up?
Knoxwhirled,
I thought the same thing--10% of Knox County's students have attempted suicide? Can that really be correct? If so, what is going on?
Viola Jaynes,
The number of depressed young people has gone up in recent years with 5.5 million in therapy. Speculation ranges from too much infantilization of kids that leads to depression and psychopathology to earlier puberty and subsequnet mental health problems to just more identification of those who are depressed.
The Daily Mirror supposedly interviewed some of Cho's relatives in Korea, who provided background on the family and their situation before and after they came to the U.S. If you believe the Mirror, the relatives said Cho had always been more or less the way his college acquaintances described him. They also said he was diagnosed as autistic by someone in the U.S., but that his parents were too poor and overworked to give him the specialized care and attention he required.
I've never heard of an autistic person devolving into a mass murderer. Maybe the exact term for his condition got lost in translation. Or else the Mirror is full of it - always a possibility.
Helen - does this sound like even a remote possibility to you?
Historically, autism has often been misdiagnosed as schizophrenia. Sounds to me like this was a case of schizophrenia being misdiagnosed as autism.
If this is in fact the case, I'm not surprised. Autism has become something of a fashion. When we took my child to be evaluated for autism (the one who was eventually "diagnosed" as PDD-NOS) the leader of the evaluation team mentioned that they reverse many more diagnoses of autism by the family doc than they confirm.
And ask yourself this: Would you rather your child was diagnosed as autistic or as schizophrenic? Neither is pleasant, but I'm guessing many parents would rather hear "autism." After all, there has been speculation in the popular media that certain oddball historical figures, such as Jefferson or Einstein, may have had Aspberger's or other forms of high-function autistic spectrum disorders.
As I've mentioned before, autism and schizophrenia have a superficial resemblance, but are fundamentally different conditions.
Another article here:
http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,266921,00.html
seems to confirm that Cho was a bit of an oddball in middle and high school. Apparently he got picked on a lot, which is inexcusable and barbaric, but one does not become schizophrenic as a result of schoolyard taunts. There are indications the schizophrenia was already there, possibly overlooked because it was mistaken for an immigrant's poor language skills.
Interesting.
As you can tell, I don't know much about schizophrenia or autism. But my layman's undersanding is that autism is something you're likely born with, while schizophrenia develops over time with most onsets during adolescence or later. Is that incorrect? If not, Cho seems to fit both scenarios and neither.
I also don't picture a schizophrenic as someone patience or planning skills to attempt something like this. That's probably not accurate, either.
Somehow, NPD still seems like the best fit for his described behavior. It all sounds very familiar.
But again - I'm not a pro.
SofaSleeper and Bugs,
It is hard to speculate a diagnosis for Cho, it sounds like there were a lot of problems from the get go. In general, however, Schizophrenia with childhood onset usually developes after years of normal development. An additional diagnosis of Schizophrenia can be made if an individual with Autistic Disorder developes the characteristic features of Schizophrenia with symptoms such as prominent hallucinations or delusions that last for at least one month. I have wondered (again this is speculation on my part) if Cho had an additional diagnosis of Schizoid disorder--that is a personality disorder characterized by choosing solitary activities, lacking close friends, emotional flatness, detachment, or flattened affectivity. In one study of mass murderers, it was found that personality quirks were common--especially those of paranoid, schizoid, narcissitic and antisocial traits and mass murderers were a curious blending of all these traits.
There are a number of questions about Cho's mental state that we may never know.
Liked the interview, by the way. You have an intensity that must serve you well in your profession.
Hmm, interesting. I have wondered myself how a schizophrenic could have planned this incident as well as Cho did. Mind you, it wasn't a masterpiece of planning, but it showed more foresight than I would have expected of a schizophrenic. Nevertheless, "paranoid schizophrenic" seemed as plausible a label as any.
So I went and looked up both NPD and schizoid disorder in Wikipedia, with the usual caution (caveat utilis Wiki). NPD doesn't quite fit, because there is no hint that Cho every sought the admiration of others. Schizoid disorder doesn't quite fit, either, because Cho was certainly trying to get the attention of others.
Perhaps the best diagnosis we'll ever come up with is "crazy, mean SOB."
I think that there are narcissists who turn inward if they don't get what they feel is sufficient respect and admiration. They might be socially awkward, without the basic social skills they'd need to seek affection from others. So they simply give up trying and treat everyone else as a real of potential enemy.
If a narcissist is frightened of the world and determined to keep it out, it seems like he might lose the ability to get feedback from his environment - information about how he's doing and how other people see him. His narrative about himself might become more real to him than the real world. He might be the hero in his own story, or the anti-hero, but other people are definitely the villains.
I don't know - this just seems familiar somehow. Cho seems familiar. He reminds me of Harris & Klebold. Sounds like he reminded himself of them, too. But as people have said - nobody knows but Cho.
Do comments like these help our understanding?
Mental case [Houston Chronicle]
"National Alliance on Mental Illness released a statement saying that Cho might not have been suffering from serious mental illness. The statement pointed out that people without mental illness are more prone to violence than people suffering from schizophrenia."
Is this true?
mental health professionals have exploded another assumption about Cho, that he was a loner. Subsequent analysis of his experience in college showed that Cho was instead a "failed joiner,"
Yep, he was sound as a pound until he "just snapped." And isn't a "failed joiner" by definition a loner?
I think this organization is just trying to prevent backlash against the mentally ill. (Think about it - some of the comments on this and other blogs probably sound a bit scary to them.) Not sure how much insight it'll give us into Cho's condition.
情趣用品,
性感睡衣,
免費視訊聊天,
視訊交友網,
美姬圖影,
情境坊歡愉用品,
花美姬情趣用品,
成人圖片,
臺灣情色網,
嘟嘟情人色網,
色情網站,
情境坊歡愉用品,
徵信,
徵信公司,
徵信,
外遇,
徵信,
徵信,
抓姦,
徵信,
外遇,
徵信,
徵信社,
徵信社,
抓姦,
徵信社,
徵信社,
徵信社,
趣,
趣,
整型,
視訊聊天,
視訊交友,
AV女優,
色情,
A片,
A片,
情趣用品,
情色,
A片,
色情影片,
情趣用品,
A片,
AV女優,
視訊聊天室,
聊天,
情趣用品,
情惑用品性易購,
情侶歡愉用品,
A片,
情趣,
情惑用品性易購,
辣妹視訊,
自慰套,
情侶歡愉用品,
寄情築園小遊戲,
aio交友愛情館,
美女視訊,
色情A片,
情趣用品,
徵信社,
情趣用品,
A片,
美女視訊,
色情A片,
AV女優,
A片,
辣妹視訊,
自慰套,
情侶歡愉用品,
希望大家都會非常非常幸福~
「朵朵小語‧優美的眷戀在這個世界上，最重要的一件事，就是好好愛自己。好好愛自己，你的眼睛才能看見天空的美麗，耳朵才能聽見山水的清音。好好愛自己，你才能體會所有美好的東西，所有的文字與音符才能像清泉一樣注入你的心靈。好好愛自己，你才有愛人的能力，也才有讓別人愛上你的魅力。而愛自己的第一步，就是切斷讓自己覺得黏膩的過去，以無沾無滯的輕快心情，大步走向前去。愛自己的第二步，則是隨時保持孩子般的好奇，願意接受未知的指引；也隨時可以拋卻不再需要的行囊，一路雲淡風輕。親愛的，你是天地之間獨一無二的旅人，在陽光與月光的交替之中瀟灑獨行.........................................................................................................................................................................................
85cc免費影城 愛情公寓正妹牆川藏第一美女 成人影片 情色交友網 美女視訊 美女視訊 視訊情人高雄網 JP成人影城 383成人影城 aa片免費a片下載 a片線上看aa片免費看 ※a片線上試看※sex520免費影片※ aa片免費看 BT成人論壇 金瓶影片交流區 自拍美女聊天室 aa片免費a片下載 SEX520免費影片 免費a片 日本美女寫真集 sex520aa免費影片 sex520aa免費影片 BT成人網 Hotsee免費視訊交友 百分百貼影片區 SEX520免費影片 免費視訊聊天室 情人視訊高雄網 星光情色討論版 正妹牆 383成人影城 線上85cc免費影城 85cc免費影城 85cc免費影城 85cc免費影城 ※免費視訊聊天室※ ※免費視訊聊天室※ 免費視訊聊天室 85cc免費影片 85cc免費影片 080苗栗人聊天室 080苗栗人聊天室 080中部人聊天室 080中部人聊天室 免費a片下載 免費a片 AA片免費看 aa片免費看 aa片免費看 aa片免費看 aa片免費看 日本av女優影片 av女優 av女優無碼影城 av女優 av女優 百分百成人圖片 百分百成人圖片 視訊情人高雄網 電話交友 影音電話交友 絕色影城 絕色影城 夜未眠成人影城 夜未眠成人影城 色咪咪影片網 色咪咪影片網 色咪咪影片網 色咪咪影片網 色咪咪影片網 免費色咪咪貼影片 免費色咪咪貼影片 色情遊戲 色情遊戲 色情遊戲 色情遊戲 影音視訊交友網 視訊交友網 080視訊聊天室 ※免費視訊聊天室※ ※免費視訊聊天室※ 視訊聊天室 成人影音視訊聊天室 ut影音視訊聊天室 ※免費視訊聊天室※ 視訊ukiss聊天室視訊ukiss聊天室 視訊交友90739 視訊交友90739 情人視訊網 168視訊美女 168視訊美女 168視訊美女 視訊美女館 視訊美女館 免費視訊美女網 小高聊天室 小高聊天室 aio交友聊天室 aio交友聊天室 交友聊天室 交友聊天室 線上a片 線上a片 線上a片 線上a片 線上a片 免費線上a片 免費線上a片 嘟嘟成人網站 成人漫畫 情色文學 嘟嘟成人網 成人貼圖區 情色文學成人小說 微風成人區 情色貼圖區 免費視訊聊天 免費成人圖片區 愛情公寓 愛情公寓聊天室 寄情築園小遊戲 免費aa片線上看 aa片免費看 情色SXE聊天室 SEX情色遊戲 色情A片 免費下載 av女優 俱樂部 情色論壇 辣妹視訊 情色貼圖網 免費色情 聊天室 情人視訊聊天室 免費a片成人影城 免費a片-aa片免費看 0204貼圖區 SEX情色 交友聊天-線上免費 女優天堂 成人交友網 成人情色貼圖區 18禁 -女優王國 080視訊美女聊天室 080視訊聊天室 視訊交友90739 免費a片 aio 視訊交友網 成人影城-免費a片※免費視訊聊天※85cc免費影片日本線上免費a片 免費色咪咪影片免費色咪咪影片aaa片免費看影片aaa片免費看成人影城免費色咪咪影片
"免費視訊美女520sexy girl
sogo論壇aa片免費看
免費線上 aa 片試看85CC
情色18 禁sex520免費a長片
av女優影片情色文學
日本av淫蕩人妻免費漫畫帝國
777美女dvd無碼av女優
視訊辣妹girl5320 貼片貼圖區
本土自拍影片qq 美美色網漫畫
百分百成人圖片avdvd
視訊辣妹找援交
dodo豆豆聊天室
成人影片下載免費線上a片
sex999日本美女寫真集
色情漫畫777美女dvdav
小護士免費 aa 片試看
網路自拍美女聊天室天堂
080聊天網桃園天堂
雪之深戀 080聊天網水之浪漫
sex888入口免費性影片觀賞
高中生援交偷拍自拍限制級色情 片
aa 片試看免費卡通
百分百成人情色圖片
嘟嘟情人網影片
內衣模特兒寫真成人圖貼
免費視訊78論壇
拓網學生族視訊777美女
辣妹有約辣妹no31314視訊
dudu sex免費 aa 片試看
成人a影片論壇
"
85cc免費影城aa的滿18歲影片85cc免費影片aaa免費看影片aaaaa片俱樂部影片免費 a 片85cc免費影片aa影片下載城微風成人av論壇免費a片aaa片免費看影片aaa片免費看短片小魔女免費影片免費視訊聊天 a片免費看a 免費影片觀賞免費視訊聊天室微風成人85cc免費影片85cc成人影城免費成人視訊亞洲禁果影城aa的滿18歲影片A片-sex女優王國aaaaa片俱樂部免費卡通影片線上觀看線上免費a片觀看A片-sex女優王國情色偷拍免費Ａ片免費Ａ片免費看 aa的滿18歲影片aaa影片下載城日本免費視訊av俱樂部後宮0204movie免費影片免費 a 片ut聊天室辣妹視訊情色美女視訊聊天室免費卡通影片線上觀看 ut交友成人視訊免費Ａ片av1688影音視訊天堂aaa的滿18歲卡通影片s383情色大網咖視訊美女館aaaa 片俱樂部免費a片卡通aaaa片免費看影片aaa片免費看短片 杜蕾斯成人UT影音視訊聊天室 免費視訊78論壇免費aaaaa片俱樂部影片aaaa彩虹頻道免費影片aa影片下載城色漫畫帝國kk777視訊俱樂部美女視訊5278論壇ut聊天室aio交友愛情館免費視訊聊天成人a圖片區小說頻道彩虹頻道免費影片jp成人小魔女免費影城免費 aa 片試看情色文學A片-無碼援交東京熱一本道亞洲東洋影片gay片免費下載卡通aa片免費看成人影片分享小魔女免費影片視訊高雄情人聊天室34c卡通美女a片免費試看av免費影片,視訊聊天go2av免費影片情色 網站sex女優王國高中生援交偷拍自拍限制級色情 片plus論壇080情人網免費av影片免費a片卡通浪漫月光論壇免費aa片avdvd無碼影音視訊交友 免費視訊辣妹情人視訊網免費視訊辣妹 免費視訊78論壇台灣kiss情色貼圖區sex免費看影片彩虹論壇免費視訊聊天室 咆哮小老鼠分享論壇月宮貼圖色妹妹嘟嘟情人色網日本美女寫真集,kk視訊成人情色 視訊21sexsexy辣妹視訊百分百成人情色圖片ut辣妹哈啦視訊聊天室 素人自拍免費影片線上觀賞論壇男人的最愛中國性愛城avdvd無碼aaa免費看影片bt電影下載,免費成人片免費a片卡通dudu sex
外遇外遇外遇外遇外遇外遇外遇外遇外遇 外遇
外遇 外遇外遇 外遇 外遇
外遇 外遇 外遇
外遇
外遇 外遇
外遇
外遇 外遇外遇
外遇
外遇 外遇外遇 外遇 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 ,
外遇 外遇 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇外遇 外遇外遇 外遇 外遇
外遇 外遇
外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇劈腿劈腿劈腿劈腿劈腿劈腿劈腿劈腿喜帖囍帖卡片外遇外遇 外遇 外遇外遇 外遇
外遇 外遇 外遇 外遇剖析 外遇調查 外遇案例 外遇諮詢 偷情 第三者外遇話題 外遇發洩 感情挽回 徵信社 外遇心態 外遇 通姦 通姦罪 外遇徵信社徵信社外遇 外遇 抓姦徵信協會徵信公司 包二奶 徵信社 徵信 徵信社 徵信社 徵信社 徵信社 徵信 徵信 婚姻 婚前徵信 前科 個人資料 外遇 第三者 徵信社 偵探社 抓姦 偵探社 偵探社婚 偵探社 偵探社偵探家事服務家事服務家電維修家事服務家事服務家事服務家事服務家事服務持久持久持久持久持久持久持久離婚網頁設計徵信社徵信社徵信徵信社外遇離婚協議書劈腿持久持久持久持久持久劈腿剖析徵信徵信社外遇外遇外遇外遇徵信社徵信社徵信社徵信社徵信社徵信社徵信徵信社徵信徵信徵信徵信徵信徵信徵信徵信徵信徵信徵信徵信徵信徵信徵信徵信徵信徵信徵信徵信徵信徵信徵信徵信社徵信社徵信社徵信社徵信社徵信社徵信社徵信社徵信公會 徵信公會 徵信公會 徵信公會 徵信公會 徵信公會 徵信公會 徵信公會 徵信公會 徵信公會 徵信公會 徵信公會 徵信公會 徵信公會 徵信公會 徵信公會 徵信公會 徵信公會 徵信公會 徵信公會 徵信公會 徵信公會 徵信公會 徵信公會 徵信公會 徵信公會 徵信公會 徵信公會 徵信公會 徵信公會 徵信公會 徵信公會 徵信公會 徵信公會 徵信公會 徵信協會 徵信協會 徵信協會 徵信協會 徵信協會 徵信協會 徵信協會 徵信協會 徵信協會 徵信協會 徵信協會 徵信協會 徵信協會 徵信協會 徵信協會 徵信協會 徵信協會 徵信協會 徵信協會 徵信協會 徵信協會 徵信協會 徵信協會 徵信協會 徵信協會 徵信協會 徵信協會 徵信協會 徵信協會 徵信協會 徵信協會 徵信協會 徵信協會 徵信協會 徵信協會 徵信協會 徵信協會 徵信協會 徵信公會 徵信協會 徵信協會 徵信協會 徵信協會 徵信協會 徵信協會 徵信協會 徵信公會 徵信協會 徵信協會 徵信協會 徵信協會 徵信協會 徵信協會 徵信協會 徵信協會 徵信協會 徵信協會 徵信協會 徵信協會 徵信協會 徵信協會 徵信協會 徵信協會 劈腿 劈腿 劈腿 劈腿 劈腿 劈腿 劈腿 劈腿 劈腿 劈腿 劈腿 劈腿 劈腿 劈腿
視訊做愛視訊美女無碼A片情色影劇kyo成人動漫tt1069同志交友網ut同志交友網微風成人論壇6k聊天室日本 avdvd 介紹免費觀賞UT視訊美女交友..........................
85cc免費影城85cc免費影城sex520免費影片sex520免費影片辣美眉173show影片辣美眉173show影片辣妺視訊辣妺視訊正妹牆正妹牆正妹視訊gogo正妹視訊gogo視訊美女視訊美女av080 toav080 to視訊交友視訊交友一葉晴貼影片區一葉晴貼影片區免費av18禁影片免費av18禁影片gogogirl 視訊美女gogogirl 視訊美女
Post a Comment
<< Home