Tuesday, April 22, 2008

Podcast with Cass Sunstein

sunsteincov.jpg
Should the government "nudge" people towards "better behavior?" Cass Sunstein, law professor at the University of Chicago says "yes" and talks with us about his new book Nudge: Improving Decisions About Health, Wealth, and Happiness. Professor Sunstein talks about libertarian paternalism which attempts to steer people's choices in welfare-promoting directions without eliminating freedom of choice. I don't like the term libertarian paternalism, as it sounds too technocratic. I think that this unfortunate choice of words will drive some people away from reading Sunstein's work. And that would be too bad.

Because the book is actually quite interesting and gives a great deal of background in economics, history and the psychology of human behavior as it relates to decision-making. He discusses how and why people make biased or faulty decisions or no decision at all and what government can do to facilitate people to better health, wealth, and happiness. He talks about nudging in terms of privatization of social security, marriage privatization and saving.

You can listen directly -- no downloads needed -- by going here and clicking on the gray Flash player. You can download the file and listen at your leisure by clicking right here. And you can get a lo-fi version, suitable for dialup, etc., by going here and selecting "lo-fi." You can also get a free subscription via iTunes -- never miss another episode!

Music is "Time's Right" by 46 Long. Show archives are at GlennandHelenShow.com.

Labels: , ,

28 Comments:

Blogger Larry J said...

Through both laws in general and the tax code specifically, the government has been "nudging" (or worse) people for decades. They've done a lousy job of it. Whenever I hear someone suggesting using the government to encourage "better behavior" (as they define it), I'm reminded of the old song lyrics:

"You can't even run your own life
I'll be damned if you'll run mine."

9:30 AM, April 22, 2008  
Blogger pdwalker said...

Touché Larry J.

9:50 AM, April 22, 2008  
Blogger TMink said...

I think that the government should publish accurate health, economic, and psychological information. The key word is accurate.

A little exercise and sunlight helps depression faster than any medication, having children when you are not married often leads to poverty, people who own guns are happier, that sort of thing.

Ok, I am joking about the latter (even though it is true,) but using the bully pulpit to support healthy and smart living makes sense. As far as mesing with taxes and such, the government sucks at that sort of thing. Let me see them accurately talk about the reasons for poverty, that would be a mine field of special interest and special "victims" organizations to deal with to speak a little truth. If they do that, then we can talk about messing with taxes etc.

Trey

10:00 AM, April 22, 2008  
Blogger Cham said...

The US government has been nudging the populace to eat healthier and get some exercise for as long as I have been on this earth. Here is the result.

People don't like to be nudged. People will ignore nudgers and do what is convenient for them. However, if the price of oil and corn go sky high they might learn to walk to the store and buy something that doesn't contain high fructose corn syrup, no nudging or government intervention required.

10:15 AM, April 22, 2008  
Blogger TMink said...

Interesting, I just read an article that noted how the poor and women are showing reductions in lifespan linked to smoking and obesity. The author of the study said that it was because of a failure of the government to provide healthcare for the poor.

Healthcare treats illness, it does not prevent bad choices. Blaming the consequences of bad personal choices on the government is just amazing. Sadly typical, and in a way, enabling. By avoiding the personal responsibility of the people who put their health at risk and blaming the government, folks with this approach further enable irresponsible behavior.

Trey

11:52 AM, April 22, 2008  
Blogger Helen said...

Larry J.

I agree with you--government often makes things worse. I did ask Professsor Sunstein about tax nudges, especially in the form of income tax withholding but I believe his answer was somewhere along the lines of "it was more beneficial to withhold than not." That is my problem with the nudge business. It soon becomes a shove, whether it was meant to be or not.

12:36 PM, April 22, 2008  
Blogger Earnest Iconoclast said...

In a perfect world, I'd be happy to have the government provide incentives for healthy/better behavior. In the real world of real people, I don't trust the government to actually know what is better and so I'm convinced that the nudges would end up being essentially random.

And don't forget that bad people will have just as much access to the nudge mechanism and so we'd see nudges to do bad behavior that benefited some interest group with a powerful lobby.

I'd rather see the government at least try to facilitate the spread of good information and leave it at that.

1:08 PM, April 22, 2008  
Blogger BobH said...

Without having read the book or listened to the podcast, I'd like to offer a rhetorical question to all those posters who don't like being "nudged": what is the difference between "nudging" somebody to do something that will improve his/her life and "convincing" that person to so that same thing? Isn't it just that the word "nudged" makes that person seem stupider, less powerful and more subservient than the word "convinced"?

1:23 PM, April 22, 2008  
Blogger Larry J said...

Nudging is just another form of nagging. It assumes that people are too stupid to make their own decisions. It also is based on the assumption that the ones doing the nudging know what is best. Simply put, they don't.

The government started nudging people to quit smoking about 45 years ago. I still see a lot of smokers out there. Government pushes a lot of what turn out to be food fads ("eggs are bad for you", "no they're not", "don't eat this", "yes, you should eat it", "stay out of the sun to avoid skin cancer", "more sunshine helps vitamin D deficiencies", etc.) In short, they don't know what they're talking about most of the time but they're convinced they know what's best for everyone.

IMO, the sole proper function for any tax system is to raise the necessary funding for the legitimate functions of government. "Nudging" behavior through the tax laws is one of the contributing factors to the abomination that our tax code today.

1:33 PM, April 22, 2008  
Blogger SGT Ted said...

Trusting Government to give sound information is a foolish thing to do. Government is ever accruing power to itself to interfere in our lives. Government "nudges" are actually trying to take control of significant aspects of each of our personal lives and are destroying individual liberty for the sake of the Collective "for our own good" or "for the children", when in actuality, they are merely soft fascists who don't trust you to run your own life.

cham did it ever occur to you that high fuel prices and the use of HFCS as opposed to cane sugar is a result of government policies to begin with? Then we are supposed to turn to them for "solutions" which always involve giving them more power and more of our money? Or to pay more for what the market could deliver cheaper if the government hadn't gotten involved with it in the first place?

How about "it's none of the governments goddam business what I eat"? Because, it truly isn't. nad no, just because someone, somewhere else doesn't have health insurance, still doesn't justify the government telling me what I should eat. Especially, if there is no recourse when they are WRONG and their nudges result in harm.

In fact, I am demostrating my anti-control freak nature by driving my big pick-up truck on Earth Day. It is just one more excuse for control freaks to try and restrict liberty in the name of their pet cause without regard for other people.

2:38 PM, April 22, 2008  
Blogger TMink said...

As Sgt. Ted so eloquently points out, there is a huge issue of trust to be addressed before many of us can accept a nudge.

Trey

2:47 PM, April 22, 2008  
Blogger Alex said...

Cham has been shown to completely clueless most of the time. I think she's a troll.

5:21 PM, April 22, 2008  
Blogger Joe said...

Once the government gets involved in nudging about anything that thing becomes political. Once something becomes political, the law of unintended consequences comes into play and rarely, if ever, for the good. The number of governmental policies that cause real harm for intangible benefits is nothing short of astonishing. It doesn't help that many of the things most people accept as true have no scientific basis whatsoever (obesity, second hand smoke, car seats for kids older than toddlers, trans fat, corn syrup, anti-oxidants, eating leafy vegetables....)

6:57 PM, April 22, 2008  
Blogger Der Hahn said...

BobH .. 'nudging' is the word favored by Sunstein and Thaler to describe presenting 'choices' that more force people into behaviors favored by government. They claim to that by providing 'opt-out' provisions (the difficulty of opting out isn't well defined) this is some how different than typical goverment mandates. I think they base some of their ideas on the claims that having too many choices causes people to shut down and avoid chosing altogther.

Check out volokh.com. Sunstein was guest blogging their earlier this week and there are a lot of good objections in the comments to this rebranding of the top-down control political economics usually practiced by Democrats as some sort of libertarianism.

7:54 PM, April 22, 2008  
Blogger BobH said...

To der hahn:

So in economist-speak, Sunstein and Thaler are proposing manipulating the incentives to achieve some behavior that the "government" deems "worthwhile". The "opt-out" provisions would just come in the form of making it possible, although probably economically unattractive, to not do what the government wants.

Sorry about wording it this way, but I read economists more than anyone else. Economists (e.g., Marginal Revolution, Cafe Hayek, Becker-Posner, Walter Williams, Thomas Sowell) talk about these sorts of things all the time. The stock phrase is "People respond to Incentives."

I'll have to read Volokh.com.

8:28 PM, April 22, 2008  
Blogger Francis W. Porretto said...

Cass Sunstein, the author of Republic.com? Who opined that the Internet is bad for us because it allows us to choose our own news sources and preferred vendors of opinion? Who wants government to take the reins of news and communication so we'll have a "common consciousness?" No, thanks.

Statists are far too predictable for me to waste my time on one who's already shown his colors.

4:51 AM, April 23, 2008  
Blogger SGT Ted said...

"Libertarian Paternalism" is a self cancelling phrase.

10:45 AM, April 23, 2008  
Blogger lovemelikeareptile said...

Cass Sunnstein--

who has written a book warning America of the Danger of "Radicals in Robes", 2004--
no, not the judicial usurpation of representative democracy by liberals that has been going on since 1939 or thereabouts.
No-- the actual danger is from " Extreme right wing judges"-- both of them ...in City Court... in Nashville...

It tells you much about the jaundiced eyesight of Sunnstein that he looks out on the hegemony of liberal ideology, and worse, in the law-- and sees not the huge jungle of liberalism, but a couple of conservative twigs, and then summons the liberal brethern to stamp out the threat !

He then asked the absurd question " Are Judges Political... ?" in a 2005 tome--
any first year law student knows that judging is almost totally political-- legal reasoning being a laughable fiction. Prof Graglia of U Texas Law has commented that most US Supreme Court decisions cannot be discussed in public without evoking laughter, such is the obvious absurdity of 'legal reasoning", wherein one starts with a ideological result and works backward to develop premises to support it.
Legal reasoning is not reasoning at all.

A solid stereotype--consider any "legal scholar " or " Constitutional law expert" to be a left-wing ideologue, dressing up his politics with inane legal rhetoric-- unless he/she proves otherwise-- by engaging in rational discourse.

And the problem remains the same for the social engineers--

1. What are "appropriate" results ?
What is a "beneficial" outcome?
Thats usually what the debate is about.

2. By what rules do we decide what is "beneficial" ? WHo decides? By what criteria ?

3. By what moral rules are we to be guided ? ( Which of these are "beneficial?.. see infinite regress...)

4. Who gets to compel ( favor ) such results by the force of law ?

5. BY WHAT RIGHT ?

are just a few of the problems.


How does Cass decide what are 'favorable" results
and by what right does he commandeer the law to compel such outcomes.

Its all about hubris and power-- Sunnstein types know what the good is and claim the right and the power to enforce it own you.

4:18 PM, April 23, 2008  
Blogger Serket said...

According to Wikipedia: In January 2008, Sunstein began dating the prominent foreign policy specialist Samantha Power whom he met while working on Illinois Democratic senator Barack Obama's presidential campaign.

Cham - I think it is bad for men or women to lose life expectancy, but consider that there are 3,141 counties and since 1961 life expectancy has increased significantly for both men and women. The gap has dropped from 6.6 to 5.5 and I think that is a good thing. I think it would be ideal to be close to 0.

Things I've learned from conservatism disguised as science: smoking, diet drinks and trans fats really aren't that bad for you.

5:09 PM, April 23, 2008  
Blogger Cham said...

Serket:

Increasing life expectancy might benefit you, it might benefit me, it might benefit a lot of people, but it won't benefit is the government. Remember, we've all been paying in to Social Security and the longer we live the more the government is going to have to extract from that non-existent account. So the government claims that it is nudging everyone along with this health business, but if there was a benefit for the government to increase life expectancy the tax on a Big Mac would be $500.

Here is another article about health, the 184 pound 8 year old.. Our government isn't guilty of nudging any kid toward a healthy lifestyle. Many parents aren't either.

5:49 PM, April 23, 2008  
Blogger Serket said...

LoveMeLikeAReptile - He has publicly supported various of George W. Bush judicial nominees, including Michael W. McConnell and John G. Roberts.

6:03 PM, April 23, 2008  
Blogger Sloan said...

Last night I was trying to think of various brief examples of literary irony. One of the best that I could come up with is the old adage, "I'm from the government and I'm here to help."

Another one (which has nothing to do with the topic, but anyway...) is the scene in "Doctor Strangelove" where General Turgidson and the Soviet ambassador have gotten into a scuffle, and someone says, "Gentlemen, you can't fight in here, this is the War Room!"

12:19 PM, April 24, 2008  
Anonymous Anonymous said...

85cc免費影城 愛情公寓正妹牆川藏第一美女 成人影片 情色交友網 美女視訊 美女視訊 視訊情人高雄網 JP成人影城 383成人影城 aa片免費a片下載 a片線上看aa片免費看 ※a片線上試看※sex520免費影片※ aa片免費看 BT成人論壇 金瓶影片交流區 自拍美女聊天室 aa片免費a片下載 SEX520免費影片 免費a片 日本美女寫真集 sex520aa免費影片 sex520aa免費影片 BT成人網 Hotsee免費視訊交友 百分百貼影片區 SEX520免費影片 免費視訊聊天室 情人視訊高雄網 星光情色討論版 正妹牆 383成人影城 線上85cc免費影城 85cc免費影城 85cc免費影城 85cc免費影城 ※免費視訊聊天室※ ※免費視訊聊天室※ 免費視訊聊天室 85cc免費影片 85cc免費影片 080苗栗人聊天室 080苗栗人聊天室 080中部人聊天室 080中部人聊天室 免費a片下載 免費a片 AA片免費看 aa片免費看 aa片免費看 aa片免費看 aa片免費看 日本av女優影片 av女優 av女優無碼影城 av女優 av女優 百分百成人圖片 百分百成人圖片 視訊情人高雄網 電話交友 影音電話交友 絕色影城 絕色影城 夜未眠成人影城 夜未眠成人影城 色咪咪影片網 色咪咪影片網 色咪咪影片網 色咪咪影片網 色咪咪影片網 免費色咪咪貼影片 免費色咪咪貼影片 色情遊戲 色情遊戲 色情遊戲 色情遊戲 影音視訊交友網 視訊交友網 080視訊聊天室 ※免費視訊聊天室※ ※免費視訊聊天室※ 視訊聊天室 成人影音視訊聊天室 ut影音視訊聊天室 ※免費視訊聊天室※ 視訊ukiss聊天室視訊ukiss聊天室 視訊交友90739 視訊交友90739 情人視訊網 168視訊美女 168視訊美女 168視訊美女 視訊美女館 視訊美女館 免費視訊美女網 小高聊天室 小高聊天室 aio交友聊天室 aio交友聊天室 交友聊天室 交友聊天室 線上a片 線上a片 線上a片 線上a片 線上a片 免費線上a片 免費線上a片 嘟嘟成人網站 成人漫畫 情色文學 嘟嘟成人網 成人貼圖區 情色文學成人小說 微風成人區 情色貼圖區 免費視訊聊天 免費成人圖片區 愛情公寓 愛情公寓聊天室 寄情築園小遊戲 免費aa片線上看 aa片免費看 情色SXE聊天室 SEX情色遊戲 色情A片 免費下載 av女優 俱樂部 情色論壇 辣妹視訊 情色貼圖網 免費色情 聊天室 情人視訊聊天室 免費a片成人影城 免費a片-aa片免費看 0204貼圖區 SEX情色 交友聊天-線上免費 女優天堂 成人交友網 成人情色貼圖區 18禁 -女優王國 080視訊美女聊天室 080視訊聊天室 視訊交友90739 免費a片 aio 視訊交友網 成人影城-免費a片※免費視訊聊天※85cc免費影片日本線上免費a片 免費色咪咪影片免費色咪咪影片aaa片免費看影片aaa片免費看成人影城免費色咪咪影片

3:19 PM, April 06, 2009  
Anonymous Anonymous said...

免費視訊聊天 ut聊天室辣妹視訊UT影音視訊聊天室 吉澤明步QQ美女視訊秀 85cc免費影片aa影片下載城sex免費成人影片aaa片免費看短片美女視訊 sex383線上娛樂場av969 免費短片日本免費視訊aa影片下載城視訊網愛聊天室影音視訊交友 咆哮小老鼠分享論壇sex520免費影片aa免費影片下載城aio辣妺視訊 aio辣妹交友愛情館 jp成人影片aio交友愛情館馬子免費影片免費線上a片18成人85cc影城0204movie免費色咪咪視訊網pc交友s383視訊玩美女人34c高雄視訊聊天jp成人免費視訊辣妹 kk777視訊俱樂部xxxpandalive173影音視訊聊天室 sex520-卡通影片成人免費視訊 完美女人13060 免費視訊聊天sexy girl video movie辣妹妹影音視訊聊天室UT視訊美女交友視訊情色網百事無碼a片dvd線上aa片免費看18禁成人網ut聊天室kk俱樂部視訊激情網愛聊天 情人小魔女自拍卡通aa片免費看夜未眠成人影城aio性愛dvd辣妹影片直播拓網視訊交友視訊聊天室ggoo168論壇視訊辣妹love104影音live秀 美女show-live視訊情色yam交友辣妹妹影音視訊聊天室s383情色大網咖視訊aaa俱樂部台灣情色網無碼avdvdsexy diamond sex888入口Show-live視訊聊天室

2:27 AM, April 15, 2009  
Anonymous Anonymous said...

免費 a 片aaaaa片俱樂部影片aaaaa片俱樂部dodo豆豆聊天室sex520網路自拍美女聊天室天堂免費線上avdvd援交av080影片aa影片下載城aaa片免費看短片成人圖片區18成人avooogo2av免費影片sexdiy影城免費線上成人影片bonbonsex0951影片下載日本av女優sex888免費看影片免費視訊78論壇辣妹有約辣妹no31314視訊dudu sex免費影片avdvd情色影片免費色咪咪影片網av080免費試看日本美女寫真集辣妹脫衣麻將視訊聊天室性福免費影片分享日本美女寫真集,kk視訊aio交友愛情館免費成人美女視訊bt論壇色情自拍免費a片卡通tw 18 net卡通18美少女圖色情漫畫777美女小護士免費 aa 片試看百分百成人情色圖片a片免費觀賞sexy girls get fuckedsexy girl video movie情色文學成人小說sex888免費看eyny 伊莉論壇sexdiy影城自拍情色0204movie免費影片aio免費aa片試看s383情色大網咖sexy girl video movie草莓牛奶AV論壇台灣論壇18禁遊戲區環球辣妹聊天室 90691拓網aio交友愛情館拓網學生族視訊777美女 sex888影片分享區hi5 tv免費影片aa的滿18歲卡通影片sex383線上娛樂場sexdiy影城免費a片線上觀看真人美女辣妹鋼管脫衣秀比基尼辣妹一夜情視訊aio交友愛情館

2:27 AM, April 15, 2009  
Anonymous Anonymous said...

A片-無碼援交東京熱一本道aaa免費看影片免費視訊聊天室微風成人ut聊天室av1688影音視訊天堂85cc免費影城亞洲禁果影城微風成人av論壇sex520免費影片JP成人網免費成人視訊aaa影片下載城免費a片 ut交友成人視訊85cc成人影城免費A片aa的滿18歲影片小魔女免費影片小魔女免費影城免費看 aa的滿18歲影片sex383線上娛樂場kk777視訊俱樂部aa的滿18歲影片85cc免費影片a片免費看A片-sex520視訊做愛聊天室plus論壇sex520免費影片avdvd-情色網qq美美色網ut13077視訊聊天85cc免費影片aaa片免費看短片aa影片下載城aaaaa片俱樂部影片aaaaa片俱樂部aa的滿18歲影片小魔女免費影片台灣論壇免費影片後宮0204movie免費影片免費卡通影片線上觀看線上免費a片觀看85cc免費影片免費A片aa影片下載城ut聊天室辣妹視訊UT影音視訊聊天室 日本免費視訊aaaa 片俱樂部aaa片免費看短片aaaa片免費看影片aaa片免費看短片免費視訊78論壇情色偷拍免費A片免費aaaaa片俱樂部影片av俱樂部aaaa彩虹頻道免費影片 杜蕾斯成人免費卡通影片線上觀看85cc免費影片線上觀賞免費線上歐美A片觀看免費a片卡通aaa的滿18歲卡通影片sex520免費影片免費 a 片

2:27 AM, April 15, 2009  
Blogger Unknown said...

外遇外遇外遇外遇外遇外遇外遇外遇外遇 外遇
外遇 外遇外遇 外遇 外遇
外遇 外遇 外遇
外遇


外遇 外遇
外遇
外遇 外遇外遇
外遇

外遇 外遇外遇 外遇 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 ,
外遇 外遇 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇外遇 外遇外遇 外遇 外遇

外遇 外遇

外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇 , 外遇劈腿劈腿劈腿劈腿劈腿劈腿劈腿劈腿喜帖囍帖卡片外遇外遇 外遇 外遇外遇 外遇
外遇 外遇 外遇 外遇剖析 外遇調查 外遇案例 外遇諮詢 偷情 第三者外遇話題 外遇發洩 感情挽回 徵信社 外遇心態 外遇 通姦 通姦罪 外遇徵信社徵信社外遇 外遇 抓姦徵信協會徵信公司 包二奶 徵信社 徵信 徵信社 徵信社 徵信社 徵信社 徵信 徵信 婚姻 婚前徵信 前科 個人資料 外遇 第三者 徵信社 偵探社 抓姦 偵探社 偵探社婚 偵探社 偵探社偵探家事服務家事服務家電維修家事服務家事服務家事服務家事服務家事服務持久持久持久持久持久持久持久離婚網頁設計徵信社徵信社徵信徵信社外遇離婚協議書劈腿持久持久持久持久持久劈腿剖析徵信徵信社外遇外遇外遇外遇徵信社徵信社徵信社徵信社徵信社徵信社徵信徵信社徵信徵信徵信徵信徵信徵信徵信徵信徵信徵信徵信徵信徵信徵信徵信徵信徵信徵信徵信徵信徵信徵信徵信徵信社徵信社徵信社徵信社徵信社徵信社徵信社徵信社徵信公會 徵信公會 徵信公會 徵信公會 徵信公會 徵信公會 徵信公會 徵信公會 徵信公會 徵信公會 徵信公會 徵信公會 徵信公會 徵信公會 徵信公會 徵信公會 徵信公會 徵信公會 徵信公會 徵信公會 徵信公會 徵信公會 徵信公會 徵信公會 徵信公會 徵信公會 徵信公會 徵信公會 徵信公會 徵信公會 徵信公會 徵信公會 徵信公會 徵信公會 徵信公會 徵信協會 徵信協會 徵信協會 徵信協會 徵信協會 徵信協會 徵信協會 徵信協會 徵信協會 徵信協會 徵信協會 徵信協會 徵信協會 徵信協會 徵信協會 徵信協會 徵信協會 徵信協會 徵信協會 徵信協會 徵信協會 徵信協會 徵信協會 徵信協會 徵信協會 徵信協會 徵信協會 徵信協會 徵信協會 徵信協會 徵信協會 徵信協會 徵信協會 徵信協會 徵信協會 徵信協會 徵信協會 徵信協會 徵信公會 徵信協會 徵信協會 徵信協會 徵信協會 徵信協會 徵信協會 徵信協會 徵信公會 徵信協會 徵信協會 徵信協會 徵信協會 徵信協會 徵信協會 徵信協會 徵信協會 徵信協會 徵信協會 徵信協會 徵信協會 徵信協會 徵信協會 徵信協會 徵信協會 劈腿 劈腿 劈腿 劈腿 劈腿 劈腿 劈腿 劈腿 劈腿 劈腿 劈腿 劈腿 劈腿 劈腿

6:01 AM, April 21, 2009  
Anonymous Anonymous said...

aaa影片下載城男同志影片免費影片線上直播日本美女寫真集免費av18禁影片18成人卡通成人a片同志影片5278影片卡通影片做愛影片視訊交友網熟女人影片松島楓免費影片日本美女影像圖庫寫真女郎影片貼影片0800a片區gogo258男同志影音視訊Live秀線上成人影片成人論壇姐姐g罩杯影片

6:02 AM, June 08, 2009  

Post a Comment

<< Home